Hilbert: Hey Rosy, I noticed your release includes subtitles. What’s the deal with them?  
Rosy: Oh, good question! For this release, I’ve included two types of subtitles.  
Hilbert: Two types? What’s the difference?  
Rosy: Some of the subtitles are human-translated, mostly sourced from OpenSubtitles, so they’re usually very accurate.  
Hilbert: And the others?  
Rosy: The others are machine-translated using SubtitleCat. They’re great for less common languages, but they might not be perfect.  
Hilbert: So, you combine them to cover more audiences?  
Rosy: Exactly! It’s about giving everyone options, even if the machine-translated ones aren’t as polished as the human ones.  
Hilbert: That’s smart. Thanks for explaining!  




____________________________________________________________

Encoding

Ab-av1 20 samples
prompt → sample-encode -i "C:\file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --crf 25 --vfilter "scale=1920x960"
crf 25 VMAF 95.13 predicted video stream size 739.91 MiB (12%) taking 46 minutes

FFmetrics full stream
VMAF → 92.62

Handbrake 1.8.2 (2024081000)
Video.svt-av1 10 bit fast decode Preset 5 2-pass vbr 1818 kbps targeting 800mb
Audio.2.0 opus 128 kbps
____________________________________________________________

File

Video: AV01 1920x960 23.976fps [V: av1 main, yuv420p10le, 1920x960 [default]]
Audio: Opus 48000Hz stereo 3072kbps [A: Stereo [eng] (opus, 48000 Hz, stereo) [default]]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: English [SDH] [eng] (ass)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [por] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [srp] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [bul] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [spa] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [tur] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [fin] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [ara] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [eng] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [ger] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [dut] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [rum] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [rum] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [pol] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [rus] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [dan] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [swe] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: opensubtitles [eng] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: subtitlecat [fre] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: subtitlecat [hin] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: subtitlecat [ita] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: subtitlecat [jpn] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: subtitlecat [kor] (subrip) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: No subtitles]

General
Unique ID                      : 243398441555870647955881714261125217173 (0xB71CD5AEF65D639388E00B9A662FBB95)
Complete name                  : Landman.S01E01.web.sdr.2160p.av1.ds4k.subs.vmaf95-Rosy.mkv
Format                         : Matroska
Format version                 : Version 4
File size                      : 774 MiB
Duration                       : 56 min 3 s
Overall bit rate               : 1 930 kb/s
Frame rate                     : 23.976 FPS
Movie name                     : Landman.S01E01.web.sdr.2160p.av1.ds4k.subs.vmaf95-Rosy
Encoded date                   : 2024-11-25 22:10:33 UTC
Writing application            : mkvmerge v88.0 ('All I Know') 64-bit
Writing library                : libebml v1.4.5 + libmatroska v1.7.1
Cover                          : Yes
Attachments                    : cover.jpg

Video
ID                             : 1
Format                         : AV1
Format/Info                    : AOMedia Video 1
Format profile                 : Main@L4.0
Codec ID                       : V_AV1
Duration                       : 56 min 3 s
Bit rate                       : 1 814 kb/s
Width                          : 1 920 pixels
Height                         : 960 pixels
Display aspect ratio           : 2.000
Frame rate mode                : Constant
Frame rate                     : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space                    : YUV
Chroma subsampling             : 4:2:0 (Type 0)
Bit depth                      : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame)             : 0.041
Stream size                    : 728 MiB (94%)
Default                        : Yes
Forced                         : No
Color range                    : Limited
Color primaries                : BT.709
Transfer characteristics       : BT.709
Matrix coefficients            : BT.709

Audio
ID                             : 2
Format                         : Opus
Codec ID                       : A_OPUS
Duration                       : 56 min 3 s
Bit rate                       : 109 kb/s
Channel(s)                     : 2 channels
Channel layout                 : L R
Sampling rate                  : 48.0 kHz
Frame rate                     : 50.000 FPS (960 SPF)
Compression mode               : Lossy
Stream size                    : 43.7 MiB (6%)
Title                          : Stereo
Language                       : English
Default                        : Yes
Forced                         : No
____________________________________________________________

Source

landman.s01e01.2160p.web.h265-successfulcrab

Video: HVC1 3840x1920 23.976fps [V: hevc main L5.0, yuv420p, 3840x1920 [default]]
Audio: DD+ 48000Hz 6ch 640kbps [A: English [eng] (eac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1(side), 640 kb/s) [default]]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: English [SDH] [eng] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: No subtitles]

General
Unique ID                      : 304432051444733883179062824855482538608 (0xE5077AFAE54DCEA6C1C26B8F93E61A70)
Complete name                  : landman.s01e01.2160p.web.h265-successfulcrab.mkv
Format                         : Matroska
Format version                 : Version 4
File size                      : 6.02 GiB
Duration                       : 56 min 3 s
Overall bit rate               : 15.4 Mb/s
Frame rate                     : 23.976 FPS
Writing application            : mkvmerge v84.0 ('Sleeper') 64-bit
Writing library                : libebml v1.4.5 + libmatroska v1.7.1

Video
ID                             : 1
Format                         : HEVC
Format/Info                    : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile                 : Main@L5@Main
Codec ID                       : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration                       : 56 min 3 s
Bit rate                       : 14.7 Mb/s
Width                          : 3 840 pixels
Height                         : 1 920 pixels
Display aspect ratio           : 2.000
Frame rate mode                : Constant
Frame rate                     : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space                    : YUV
Chroma subsampling             : 4:2:0
Bit depth                      : 8 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame)             : 0.083
Stream size                    : 5.77 GiB (96%)
Default                        : Yes
Forced                         : No
Color range                    : Limited
Color primaries                : BT.709
Transfer characteristics       : BT.709
Matrix coefficients            : BT.709

Audio
ID                             : 2
Format                         : E-AC-3
Format/Info                    : Enhanced AC-3
Commercial name                : Dolby Digital Plus
Codec ID                       : A_EAC3
Duration                       : 56 min 3 s
Bit rate mode                  : Constant
Bit rate                       : 640 kb/s
Channel(s)                     : 6 channels
Channel layout                 : L R C LFE Ls Rs
Sampling rate                  : 48.0 kHz
Frame rate                     : 31.250 FPS (1536 SPF)
Compression mode               : Lossy
Stream size                    : 257 MiB (4%)
Language                       : English
Service kind                   : Complete Main
Default                        : Yes
Forced                         : No
Dialog Normalization           : -31 dB
compr                          : -0.28 dB
dialnorm_Average               : -31 dB
dialnorm_Minimum               : -31 dB
dialnorm_Maximum               : -31 dB
____________________________________________________________

Tools

Ab-av1
FFBitrateViewer
FFmpeg
FFmetrics
Freefilesync
Handbrake
Jackett
Mediainfo
Mkvtoolknix
Qbittorent
Scenerulez
Shutterencoder
VVV-virtualvolumeview
Xnconvert
Xnview mp

===================== AV1 guide v14 ========================

Step 1 - Check VMAF with Ab-av1

 1. AV1
   Source resolution → crf-search -i "c:\file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --min-vmaf 98
   1080p Downscale   → crf-search -i "c:\file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:1080"
   720p Downscale    → crf-search -i "c:\file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:720"  
   Sample encode     → sample-encode -i "c:\file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --crf 20  

 2. x265
   Source resolution → crf-search -i "c:\file.mkv" --encoder libx265 --pix-format yuv420p10le --preset medium --min-samples 20 --enc x265-params=fastdecode=1 --min-vmaf 98
   1080p Downscale   → crf-search -i "c:\file.mkv" --encoder libx265 --pix-format yuv420p10le --preset medium --min-samples 20 --enc x265-params=fastdecode=1 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:1080"
   720p Downscale    → crf-search -i "c:\file.mkv" --encoder libx265 --pix-format yuv420p10le --preset medium --min-samples 20 --enc x265-params=fastdecode=1 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:720"
____________________________________________________________

Step 2 - HandBrake

Summary:
- Container: MKV

Dimensions:
- Cropping: None
- Anamorphic: None
- Borders: None

Video:
- Encoder: AV1 (10-bit SVT)
- Framerate: Same as source
- Preset: 5
- Fast Decode: ✓
- Encoder Profile: Main
- Encoder Level: Auto
- Quality: CRF determined from "ab-av1"(1), or crf 20-25

Audio:
- DTS to Opus Conversion:
 - DTS 7.1 → Opus @ 512 kbps
 - DTS 5.1 → Opus @ 384 kbps
 - DTS 2.0 → Opus @ 128 kbps
*When passtrough? lossy codec(opus,aac, ac3, eac3,wma) 768-128 kbps
____________________________________________________________

Step 3 - Subtitles

- Original → passtrough
- Subtitle Translator
- Whisper OpenAI
- Opensubtitles
- Subtitlecat
*If size is an issue don`t use pgs, prefer ass/srt.

Whisperai large-v3 2024 (prompts)

!pip install git+https://github.com/openai/whisper.git
!sudo apt update && sudo apt install ffmpeg

!whisper "audio.aac" --model large-v3 --language Japanese --task translate

____________________________________________________________

References

1. Dolby, 2023. What are Dolby Vision profiles and levels? [Online]
2. Ozer, J., 2017. Video Encoding by the Numbers: Eliminate the Guesswork from your Streaming Video. Doceo Publishing.
3. Sayood, K., 2017. Introduction to Data Compression. 5th Edition.
4. Ozer, J., 2021. What is CBR, VBR, CRF, Capped-CRF? Rate Control Modes Explained.
5. Rassool, Reza. VMAF Reproducibility: Validating a Perceptual Practical Video Quality Metric.
6. Kah, A. e al. Fundamental relationships between subjective quality, user acceptance, and the VMAF metric for a quality-based bit rate ladder design for over-the-top video streaming services.
7. Boldrin, M. 2008. Against Intellectual Monopoly.