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Multicellular organisms are composed of individual cells that form the tissues, organs, and nervous system. In these organisms, the cells are replaced roughly every 100 days via controlled division and cell death. However, both during organism development and even in the developed organism, there are specialized cells, such as keratocytes, fibroblasts, neutrophils, and others, that show a high propensity to move. The motility of these cells is associated with their specific function within the organism. Motile eukaryotic cells responding to chemical or mechanical stimuli play a fundamental role in tissue growth, wound healing, and immune response. In addition, cell migration is essential for understanding several lifethreatening pathologies such as cancer. Beyond the obvious biological and medical relevance, cell motility is also a fascinating example of a self-organized and selfpropelled system within the realm of physics. The main difficulty in formulating a comprehensive predictive model of cell motility lies in the extreme complexity of the underlying biological processes associated with the dynamics of moving cells.
Correspondingly, a number of conceptually different theoretical approaches were formulated to tackle this formidable problem. This book attempts to give a snapshot of the most recent theoretical and experimental studies in this rapidly developing field. The distinctive feature of this book is that the modeling approaches are based on concepts inspired by contemporary soft matter physics, such as order parameters, phase transitions, reaction-diffusion systems, conservation laws, and force balance conditions.
Macroscopic Model of Substrate-Based Cell Motility
Cell Crawling Driven by Spontaneous Actin Polymerization Waves
A Modular View of the Signaling System Regulating Chemotaxis
Cell Locomotion in One Dimension