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The advent of ultra-large-scale-integration (ULSI) technology, which has brought the possibility of tiny logic integrated circuits packed with millions of transistors, has highlighted the importance of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) technologies. After looking at the history of semiconductors, Yeo (Nanyang Technological U., Singapore), Rofail (Tritech Consulting, Canada), and Goh (Nanyang Technological U., Singapore) move on to look at the different BiCMOS process technologies and discuss design considerations for achieving high performance devices. Further discussion includes considerations of future generations of circuits designed for ultra-low-voltage usage and explains how the uses of latches and flip-flops can be integrated into designs for further performance and efficiency