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One hundred and fifty years ago, in 1869, the “periodic system of the elements” was discovered. It was not developed by natural scientists—it was discovered just as the chemical elements were discovered. The periodic table is a “nature-given order” and was only put into a form by man.
For many, the periodic table is a symbol of the chemistry lessons at school, which are often perceived as difficult or even annoying. At the same time, however, it is also a symbol for “chemistry”—just as the red “A” (apothecary) or the ‘green cross’ is a symbol for pharmacies. Take a look for yourself at what is on offer with a periodic table printed on it: Mugs, mouse pads, shower curtains, bath towels, cushion covers, carpets, lunch boxes and much more.
For most people who do not have a strong affinity for chemistry, the PSE is probably just a complicated table in which the chemical elements are listed according to their atomic number, but unfortunately in rows of different lengths
(periods), without the meaning behind it being obvious. Only on closer inspection do the columns (groups) reveal relationships between the individual elements. If you are familiar with the electron structure of the elements, if you know the structure of the atomic shell, you will understand why the periods have different lengths. As is so often the case in the natural sciences, it is worth taking a second look.
The periodic table is timeless. The discovery of the noble gases at the end of the
nineteenth century did not shake it, they could simply be added. Newer discoveries about the structure from the inside of atoms at the beginning of the twentieth century helped to better understand the structure of the system. The quantum mechanical model of the atom did not harm PSE, and the “new” elements created by man between 1960 and 2016 also fit easily into this scheme. Besides, the value of this “table” can hardly be overestimated from a theoretical, practical and pedagogical point of view.
Introduction
History of the Periodic Table
The Atomic Structure
The Periodicity
Today’s PSE
Forms of the Periodic Table