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This book is devoted to the subject of CMOS phase lock loops (PLLs) and voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) design for future broadband 4G wireless devices. These devices will be handheld-centric‚ requiring very low power consumption and small footprint. They will be able to work across multiple bands and multiple standards covering WWAN (GSM,WCDMA)‚ WLAN (802.11 a/b/g) and WPAN(Bluetooth) with different modulations‚ channel bandwidths‚ phase noise requirements‚ etc. As such‚ the book will discuss design‚ modeling and optimization techniques for low power fully integrated broadband PLLs and VCOs in deep sub-micron CMOS. To our knowledge‚ this is the first book on the subject. First‚ the PLL and VCO performances are studied in the context of the chosen multi-band multi-standard radio architecture and the adopted frequency plan. Next a thorough study of the design requirements for broadband PLL/VCO design is conducted together with modeling techniques for noise sources in a PLL and VCO focusing on optimization of integrated phase noise for multicarrier OFDM 64-QAM type applications. Design examples for multi standard 802.11 a/b/g as well as for GSM/WCDMA are fully described and experimental results from CMOS test chips have demonstrated the validity of the proposed design and optimization techniques. Equally important the work describes techniques for robust high volume production of RF radios in general and for integrated PLL/VCO design in particular including issues such as supply sensitivity‚ ground bounce and calibration mechanisms. This book is intended for use by graduate students in electrical and computer engineering as well as RFIC design engineers in both the wireless and the semiconductor industries. It will also be useful for design managers‚ project leaders and individuals in the wireless semiconductor marketing and business development.
Chapter 1 provides introduction material and discusses the objectives as well as the organization of different chapters.
Chapter 2 provides an overview of VCO and PLL design for fully integrated single chip radio solutions.
Chapters 3 addresses phase noise in broadband PLLs.
Chapters 4‚ 5 and 6 discuss different aspects of broadband VCO design starting with system level considerations in Chapter 4‚ circuit design issues in
Chapter 5 and practical design considerations in Chapter 6.
Chapter 7 presents a case study of a CMOS 4GHz VCO and discusses its applications.
Chapter 8 deals with a case study for PLL/VCO design for cellular multistandard applications while Chapter 9 presents a case study for designing PLLs
and VCOs for a multi band multi standard CMOS radio transceiver fully compliant to the 802.11a/b/g WLANs.
Chapter 10 discusses RF CMOS characterization and measurements techniques used throughout this work including pad-dembedding and device characterization.
Chapter 11 provides a summary of the contributions of this work