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This book presents more than 70 physics experiments from iPhysicsLabs-column of the Journal The Physics Teacher. The articles are aimed at physics lecturers, trainee teachers and teachers who want to take their classes to the next level using digital devices. The experiments can easily be performed and analyzed using smartphones or tablets. The topics span from mechanics, optics, thermodynamics, astrophysics and astronomy to acoustics, electrodynamics and electronics.
Smartphones and tablet PCs are increasingly part of our everyday life—for both the younger and the older generation. Tablet PCs are also increasingly being used in schools, although such devices have primarily been used so far as a substitute for notebooks. In addition to the frequently described uses of these technologies, such as for research, as cognitive tools, or for communicating, they can also be used as experimental tools, especially in science classes.
Following this, we wanted to extend this “lab in the pocket” idea by integrating it into well-established learning theories and systematically studying these opportunities across a broad range of physics topics. Although we did not set out to found a new direction, we wanted to establish this initiative through collaboration by inviting as many colleagues as possible to join with us. This led us to the idea for starting the “iPhysicsLabs” column in The Physics Teacher. And now, after 10 succesful years and some breakthrough ideas delivered by different colleagues, it has been a pleasure for us to have brought together so many colleagues from all over the world to work on this fruitful topic.
Mobile communication technologies can be used for a wide range of experiments, especially in physics, as they are equipped with different internal sensors that record physical data. These include, for example, microphone and camera, accelerometer, sensors for magnetic field strength, illumination, or brightness sensors, a gyroscope, GPS receiver, and sometimes even temperature, pressure, and humidity sensors. The original reason why the sensors were installed was of course not purposes to implement them for experiments in science education. The acceleration sensor is used, for example, to determine the device’s tilt and to adjust the screen to its orientation. The magnetic field strength sensor is used as a compass to support navigation using the smartphone or to inform the user about position-specific environmental data (temperature, air pressure, humidity, etc.). However, physical data recorded by the internal sensors can be used beyond their actual function with the aid of apps, so that both qualitative and quantitative experiments are possible across a wide range of subject areas, and particularly for physics lessons. Smartphones and tablet PCs thus represent small, portable measurement laboratories that can replace confusing experimental apparatus. Furthermore, they are well known to learners in their everyday lives, which means that a high level of familiarity with their operation can be expected. Many experiments that can be carried out with mobile communication media were previously only possible with the support of computers and sensors, and some of these were expensive and difficult to operate. In contrast, experiments with the internal sensors of smartphones or tablet PCs can be carried out and evaluated more easily due to the intuitive usability of the apps, so that a stronger focus on physical content is possible.
Introduction
Smartphones and Tablet PCs: Excellent Digital Swiss Pocket Knives for Physics Education
Kinematics and Dynamics
Determining Ball Velocities with Smartphones
An Experiment of Relative Velocity in a Train Using a Smartphone
LED Gates for Measuring Kinematic Parameters Using the Ambient Light Sensor of a Smartphone
Locating a Smartphone’s Accelerometer
Momentum and Collision
Analyzing Free Fall with a Smartphone Acceleration Sensor
Going Nuts: Measuring Free-Fall Acceleration by Analyzing the Sound of Falling Metal Pieces
The Atwood Machine Revisited Using Smartphones
Study of a Variable Mass Atwood’s Machine Using a Smartphone
Analyzing Collision Processes with the Smartphone Acceleration Sensor
The Dynamics of the Magnetic Linear Accelerator Examined by Video Motion Analysis
Acoustic Measurements of Bouncing Balls and the Determination of Gravitational Acceleration
Studying 3D Collisions with Smartphones
Rotation
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Analyzing Simple Pendulum Phenomena with a Smartphone Acceleration Sensor
Measurement of g Using a Magnetic Pendulum and a Smartphone Magnetometer
Determination of Gravity Acceleration with Smartphone Ambient Light Sensor
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Pendulums
Acoustical Logging and the Speed of Sound
Resonators
Other Acoustic Phenomena
Temperature and Heat
Electricity and Magnetism
Optical Phenomena
Astronomy and Modern Physics