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A fascinating exploration of the pentagon and its role in various cultures
The pentagon and its close cousin, the pentagram, have inspired individuals for the last two and half millennia, from mathematicians and philosophers to artists and naturalists. Despite the pentagon’s wide-ranging history, no single book has explored the important role of this shape in various cultures, until now. Richly illustrated, Pentagons and Pentagrams offers a sweeping view of the five-sided polygon, revealing its intriguing geometric properties and its essential influence on a variety of fields.
Traversing time, Eli Maor narrates vivid stories, both celebrated and unknown, about the pentagon and pentagram. He discusses the early Pythagoreans, who ascribed to the pentagon mythical attributes, adopted it as their emblem, and figured out its construction with a straightedge and compass. Maor looks at how a San Diego housewife uncovered four previously unknown types of pentagonal tilings, and how in 1982 a scientist’s discovery of fivefold symmetries in certain alloys caused an uproar in crystallography and led to a Nobel Prize. Maor also discusses the pentagon’s impact on many buildings, from medieval fortresses to the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. Eugen Jost’s superb illustrations provide sumptuous visual context, and the book’s puzzles and mazes offer fun challenges for readers, with solutions given in an appendix.
Preface. Why the Pentagon?
Five
ϕ
Sidebar 1. Four Famous Irrational Numbers: 2, ϕ, e, and π
But Is It Divine?
Constructing the Regular Pentagon
Sidebar 2. Pentagonal Numbers
The Pentagram
Centerpiece. Color Plates
Pentastars
Sidebar 3. Pentagonal Puzzles and Curiosa
Tessellations: Defying the Impossible
The Discovery of Fivefold Symmetry in Crystals
Sidebar 4. An Unsolved Mystery
Oh, That Pentagon
Appendixes
The Elementary Euclidean Constructions
Three Properties of the Fibonacci Numbers
A Proof That There Exist Only Five Platonic Solids
Summary of Formulas
Solutions to Puzzles
Bibliography
Credits
Index