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The aim of this book is to investigate the basic physical phenomena occurring in cells. These physical transport processes facilitate chemical reactions in the cell and that, in turn, leads to the biological functions necessary for the cell to satisfy its role in the mother organism. Ultimately, the goal of every cell is to stay alive and to fulfil its function as a part of a larger organ or organism. This first volume is an inventory of physical transport processes occurring in cells, while the second volume will take a closer look at how complex biological and physiological cell phenomena result from these very basic physical processes.
Preface
Author biography
Armin Kargol
Introduction to cells
Cell structure and chemistry
The biology of a cell
Some molecules involved
The subject of cellular biophysics
Properties of cell membranes
Composition of cell membranes
The membrane as a dynamical structure
Membrane transport processes and their significance to cell functions
Experimental methods for membrane transport
References
Permeation
Diffusion
Diffusion laws
Examples
Biological aspects of diffusion in cells
Microscopic model of diffusion
Diffusion in membranes
Water transport
Driving forces
Water flux equation
Two mechanisms for water transport in membranes aquaporins
Concurrent water and solute transport
Solute and water flux equations
Thermodynamic derivation of the Kedem–Katchalsky equations
Derivatives
Differential equations
References
Carrier-based transport
Basic characteristics
Carrier models
Transitional state theory
Stable configurational states and thermally activated transitions
Example I: four-state model of a uniport
Example II: A symport model
Example III: Competitive inhibition or inactivation
GLUT transporters
References
Ion channels
Ions in solution
Properties of physiologically important ions
Electrodiffusion
Electrodiffusion in membranes Nernst potential
Membrane resting potential
Experimental methods for ion permeation
The discovery of ion channels
Early electrophysiology
Patch clamping
DNA sequencing
Ion channel expression
Protein x-ray crystallography
FRET
Properties of ion channels
Ion channel selectivity
Channel gating
Physiological roles of ion channels
Mathematical models
Structural models
Functional models
Examples of ion channels
Voltage-gated potassium channels
Voltage-gated sodium channels
Ligand-gated channels
Discrete Markov models
Model diagrams
The time evolution of Markov models
References
Active transport: ion pumps
Principles of active transport
Examples of ion pumps
Resting potential revisited
Example: Na –K  ATP-ase
References
Endo- and exocytosis
References