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This book provides a thorough description of hexapod external fixators, from the theoretical basis to their practical application. Indications and practical use in current Orthopaedic practice are addressed in detail, offering the reader essential insights into the strengths and limitations of these devices. The main aspects covered, include primary (congenital) and secondary (acquired) deformities of the limbs: the etiology, pathomechanics, clinics, technical “tips and tricks” and suggested frame assemblies are presented. Each chapter addresses a specific Orthopaedic problem and includes representative clinical cases commented on by the authors. Illustrations and X-ray images support the discussion of the various themes treated in the textbook. Special attention is also given to deformity morphology and the consequent geometry of correction, as well as economical aspects and the biological risks of radiation exposure. A review of current nomenclature in external fixation is also provided as a quick-reference resource. Offering clear and straightforward descriptions of these devices and their current use in practice, prepared by leading international experts, this book will benefit expert surgeons and residents alike.​
History and Evolution of Hexapod External Fixators
Mathematical and Physical Principles
Mathematics of the Hexapod
Characteristics and Usage Modalities.​ Main Systems
Material Properties Related to Requirements of Hexapodalic Systems
Clinical Applications of Hexapod External Fixator
Hexapod External Fixation for Fractures and Nonunions
Hexapod External Fixators in the Treatment of Axial and Rotation Deformities and Limb Length Discrepancies
Hexapod External Fixators in Bone Defect Treatment
Hexapod External Fixators in Paediatric Deformities
Hexapod External Fixators in Ankle and Foot Deformity Correction
Hexapod External Fixators in Articular Stiffness Treatment
Problems, Challenge, Complications in Hexapod External Fixation Systems.​ Contraindication​s
Special Applications, Biological and Economical Aspects of Hexapod External Fixators
Ancillary Usage of Hexapod External Fixators
External to Internal Fixation Conversion Timing:​ Infectivologist’s Perspectives
Ionizing Radiation Exposure
Economic Burden and Practical Considerations
Principles of Deformity’s Geometry
Geometry of Deformities