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The history of Mars is drawn not just on its surface, but also down into its broken bedrock and up into its frigid air. Most of all, it stretches back into deep time, where the trackways of the past have been obliterated by later events, and there is no discernible trace of where they started from or how they travelled, only where they ended up. As NASA lays its plans for a return to the moon and, from there, a manned mission to Mars, there has never been a better time to acquaint ourselves with the dramatic history and astonishing present of the red planet. Planetary geologist, geophysicist and acclaimed SF author Dr Simon Morden takes us on a vivid guided tour of Mars. From its formation four and half billion years ago, through an era of cataclysmic meteor strikes and the millions of years during which a vast ocean spanned its entire upper hemisphere, to the long, frozen ages that saw its atmosphere steadily thinning and leaking away into space, Morden presents a tantalising vision of the next planet we will visit. Written with storytelling flair, and piecing together the latest research, data, theories and informed speculation, The Red Planet is as close as we can get to an eye-witness account of this incredible place.
EXPLAINING MARS
Dawn on Mars
Mars as an Unreliable Narrator
Why Is Mars So Different?
Mapping Mars
BEFORE THE BEGINNING
The Giant Molecular Cloud
Accretion
Planetary Embryos
EARLY MARS
Mars at the Start
Planetary Melting
Crater Formation
Crater Counting
Martian Meteorites
The Great Dichotomy
The Great Dichotomy Convection Theory
The Great Dichotomy Impact Theory
Phobos and Deimos
The Early Martian Atmosphere
THE NOACHIAN
Sailing on an Endless Sea
The Hellas Impact
The Start of the Noachian
Obliquity and Eccentricity
Introducing Tharsis
We Need to Talk about Water
The Northern Ocean
Life
Tharsis Rises
Lake Eridania
THE HESPERIAN
The Hesperian Climate Change
The Beginning of the Cryosphere
Valles and Chaoses
Here Are Giants
Valles Marineris
Olympus Mons
Elysium
The Medusae Fossae Formation
True Polar Wander
The Ice Caps
THE AMAZONIAN
A World of Ice
Into the Amazonian
The Amazonian Climate
Equatorial Ice
High Latitude Ice
The Polar Regions
The Dust Cycle
Amazonian Volcanism
THE FUTURE
What Can We Make of Mars?
We Are the Martians