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This book offers an extensive review of the most recent data on the pathophysiological role of structural and functional alterations in the microcirculation, particularly focusing on hypertension and diabetes. It covers several relevant and innovative aspects, including the possible mechanisms involved in the development of microvascular remodeling and rarefaction, the technical approaches available for the detection of microvascular alterations, including non-invasive evaluations, the prognostic role of changes in small resistance artery structure, the possibility of preventing or regressing such alterations with appropriate treatment, and the potential clinical advantages of such intervention. A number of innovative areas of research are considered, including the role of the immune system, inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of microvascular alterations. Lastly, it examines the availability of recent non-invasive methods for the evaluation of small resistance artery morphology in the retina, which in the near future may provide a useful tool for the stratification of cardiovascular risk and even for clinical decisions regarding drug treatment, thus providing physicians with a clinically relevant instrument for improving and optimizing the management of hypertensive and diabetic patients. The book provides valuable, clinically relevant information for specialists (cardiology, internal medicine, and endocrinology) and general practitioners, and also offers novel and stimulating data to basic and clinical researchers.
Structure and Function of the Microcirculation
Assessment of Small Artery Structure and Function by Micromyography
Assessment of Retinal Arteriolar Morphology by SLDF
Assessment of Retinal Arteriolar Morphology by Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy
The Cerebral Microcirculation
Role of Inflammation in Microvascular Damage
Immune Mechanisms in Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension
Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension
Interrelationships Between Micro- and Macrocirculation
Alterations in Capillary and Microcirculatory Networks in Cardiovascular Diseases
Microvascular Alterations in Obesity
Microvascular Alterations in Diabetes: Focus on Small Resistance Arteries
Cardiovascular Effects of Anti-angiogenic Drugs
Pathophysiological Mechanisms Implicated in Organ Damage and Cardiovascular Events
The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Arterial Function in Health and Disease
Prognostic Role of Microvascular Damage and Effect of Treatment