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Carbon forms a variety of allotropes due to the diverse hybridization of s- and p-electron orbitals, including the time-honored graphite and diamond as well as new forms such as C60 fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne. The new family of carbon isotopes—fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne—is called “nanostructured carbon” or “nanocarbon.” These isotopes exhibit extreme properties such as ultrahigh mechanical strength, ultrahigh charge–carrier mobility, and high thermal conductivity, attracting considerable attention for their electronic and mechanical applications as well as for exploring new physics and chemistry in the field of basic materials science. Electron sources are important in a wide range of areas, from basic physics and scientific instruments to medical and industrial applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene behave as excellent electron-field emitters owing to their exceptional properties and offer several benefits compared to traditional cathodes. Field emission (FE) produces very intense electron currents from a small surface area with a narrow energy spread, providing a highly coherent electron beam—a combination that not only provides us with the brightest electron sources but also explores a new field of electron beam–related research. This book presents the enthusiastic research and development of CNT-based FE devices and focuses on the fundamental aspects of FE from nanocarbon materials, including CNTs and graphene, and the latest research findings related to it. It discusses applications of FE to X-ray and UV generation and reviews electron sources in vacuum electronic devices and space thrusters. Finally, it reports on the new forms of carbon produced via FE from CNT.
FEM and FIM of Carbon Nanotubes
Electromechanical Self‐Oscillations of Carbon Field Emitters
Performance of Point-Typed Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters
Theoretical Field-Emission Patterns from Carbon Nanotubes
Heat Localization and Thermionic Emission from Carbon Nanotubes
Field Emission from the Edges of Single-Layer Graphene
FEM and FIM of Graphene
Spin-Polarized Field-Emitted Electrons from Graphene Oxide Edges
Theoretical Coherent Field Emission of Graphene
Influence of Edge Structures of Graphene on Field-Emission Properties
Theory of Thermionic Electron Emission for 2D Materials
Direct Grown Vertically Full Aligned Carbon Nanotube Electron Emitters for X-Ray and UV Devices
Development of CNT X-Ray Technology for Medical and Dental Imaging
Graphene Cold Field-Emission Sources for Electron Microscopy Applications
CNT Field-Emission Cathode for Space Applications
Growth of Long Linear Carbon Chains after Serious Field Emission from a CNT Film
Emission of C20  by Field Evaporation from CNT