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Advanced Nuclear Reactor Systems and Future Energy Market Needs investigates the changing
needs of energy markets, and the potential role of nuclear energy as a low-carbon energy source.
Possible applications for advanced nuclear reactors under development today are examined in
detail in the different chapters of this report, exploring to what extent these reactors can
address future energy market needs.
Energy market needs are changing in the context of global efforts towards decarbonisation. The
rapid increase of variable renewable energy sources in electricity systems has resulted in a
commensurate increase in the needs or requirements for more flexible operation, for example
through demands on the load-following capabilities of more conventional resources such as
nuclear power plants. The development of energy storage capacities and demand smoothing
could help to moderate these growing demands. Using nuclear power technologies for residential
and industrial heat is another potential option that could contribute to further decarbonisation.
Nuclear power plants have already contributed to load-following generation and to industrial
and residential heat supply initiatives in some regions. In fact, several countries have decades of
experience in load-following operations or cogeneration. More advanced generation III nuclear
reactor designs have even greater flexibility than the previous generations of reactors in this
regard, and the advanced nuclear reactor systems currently under development are expected to
have even more preferential features such as inherent safety and the production of higher
temperature heat. Small modular reactors are also of increasing interest for their potential