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Posted at 2023-02-13 08:33:54(62Wks ago) Report Permalink URL

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The Bataan Death March
(April 1942) Forced March of 70,000 U.S & Filipino Prisoners of War (World War II) Captured by the Japanese in the Philippines
From the Southern end of the Bataan Peninsula, the Starving & Ill-treated Prisoners were Force-marched 63 miles (101 km) to a Prison camp
Only 54,000 Prisoners Lived to Reach the Camp up to 10,000 Died on the way & others Escaped in the Jungle
After the War, the Japanese commander, General Masaharu Homma & Two of his Officers, Major General Yoshitaka Kawane & Colonel Kurataro Hirano, were Tried by United States military Commissions for War crimes & Sentenced to Death
Homma was Executed in 1946, while Kawane & Hirano were Executed in 1949

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Posted at 2023-02-13 10:32:26(62Wks ago) Report Permalink URL

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The ring road or the great passage (1960-1990)

Then it's Malakoff. Ten meters from the Périphérique, without the slightest transition, a completely different country, as little reducible to Paris as it can be assimilated to a province, even though it strangely reminds me of Auvergne this morning, an Auvergne that is not only mythical but social and Muslim like Azerbaijan.”

From the end of the 19th century to its abolition in 1965, the Seine department was a space for mediation between the City of Paris, the neighboring municipalities and the State. The Prefect of the Seine was the arbiter of territorial or economic negotiations, proposes the renovation of equipment and the industrial consolidation of the periphery. The belt played a key role in this device, as evidenced by the Lafay project, which is based precisely on a principle of “compensation”. One can wonder today about the mediation potential that a belt 400 meters wide is called upon to provide alone, and this in the light of the 1953 project, which constitutes in a way the culmination of a practice whose implications reverberate even in the layout of regional road infrastructures.

Thus, contrary to the initially anticipated parkway, the appearance of the peripheral boulevard was conditioned by the Parisian region motorway rosea, established by the State services and approved by the General Council in 1956. city gates have led to modifying the original design of the structure and making it compatible with the national network. state bodies. The example of the preliminary studies for the construction site of the Antenne de Bagnolet testifies to these oppositions and antagonistic decisions, in and outside Paris, with regard to the planning of this “radial road connected to the three ring roads at the roncade”. The Bagnolet connection was to allow easy connection with Peripherique on the one hand, without causing any shearing in transit traffic, and on the other hand to encourage Bali-Paris migrants to operate a break of load at the Porte de Bagnolet. To do this, the project provided for the extension of metro line 3 to the door, and its interconnection with a car park of 4 to 5000 places. However, at the same time, the director of the technical services of the prefecture of the Seine still insisted, in 1964, during the Technical Road Days, on the need to have “high-speed expressways, penetrating to the very heart of the city and making it possible to reach the contra-zones or to leave them easily and quickly. The bankruptcy of the so-called dissuasion car park at Porte de Bagnolet served as a reminder that the difficulty of circulating in the city, accentuated by the stopping of the restructuring program of the even intra muros, has never been such as to repel motorists d'Ille de France and encouraged them to leave their cars at the gates to use public transport.

“With the realization that we want to see in the near future for the other bypasses, it will increasingly have to, with the parks of deterrents linked to it, both play the role of distributor of motorway traffic towards Paris and the nearby suburbs and protect Paris against the invasion of cars.”

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