Wilma: Rosy, I downloaded your AV1 video, but it’s lagging and won’t play properly.
Rosy: Oh no! That’s probably because your device doesn’t support AV1 decoding. What are you using to watch it?
Wilma: My old laptop—it usually works fine for videos.
Rosy: That explains it. AV1 needs newer hardware or software to run smoothly. You can try VLC or MPV, but if it still lags, it’s best to stick with H.264 or H.265 for now.
Wilma: So, your video won’t work on older devices?
Rosy: Unfortunately, AV1 is cutting-edge but not super compatible with older systems.
____________________________________________________________
Encoding
FFmetrics
10minutes - VMAF 98.57
Handbrake 1.8.2 (2024081000)
Video.svt-av1 10 bit fast decode Preset 5 2-pass vbr 5121 kbps
Audio.512 kbps opus 7.1
____________________________________________________________
File
Video: AV01 3840x2160 23.976fps [V: av1 main, yuv420p10le, 3840x2160 [default]]
Audio: Opus 48000Hz 8ch 12288kbps [A: 7.1 opus 512 kbps [eng] (opus, 48000 Hz, 7.1) [default]]
Subtitle [S: Forced [eng] (pgs)]
Subtitle [S: English [eng] (pgs)]
Subtitle [S: SDH [eng] (pgs)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Arabic [ara] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Bulgarian [bul] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Cantonese [chi] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Simplified [chi] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Traditional [chi] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Czech [cze] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Danish [dan] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Dutch [dut] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Estonian [est] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Finnish [fin] (ass)]
Subtitle [S: French [fre] (pgs)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: German [ger] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Greek [gre] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Hebrew [heb] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Hungarian [hun] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Indonesian [ind] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Italian [ita] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Japanese [jpn] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Korean [kor] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Latvian [lav] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Lithuanian [lit] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Norwegian [nor] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Polish [pol] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Portuguese [por] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Brazilian [por] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Russian [rus] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Slovak [slo] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Slovenian [slv] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Castilian [spa] (ass)]
Subtitle [S: Latin American [spa] (pgs)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Swedish [swe] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Thai [tha] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Ukrainian [ukr] (ass)]
Subtitle: Advanced SubStation Alpha [S: Vietnamese [vie] (ass)]
Subtitle [S: Forced Subtitles (auto)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: No subtitles]
General
Unique ID : 322865933847197903851513595551073844301 (0xF2E5B78D6F8679291F19B69E30C63C4D)
Complete name : The.Equalizer.3.2023.bluray.hdr.2160p.av1.7.1.opus.vmaf98-Rosy.mkv
Format : Matroska
Format version : Version 4
File size : 4.22 GiB
Duration : 1 h 48 min
Overall bit rate : 5 547 kb/s
Frame rate : 23.976 FPS
Movie name : The.Equalizer.3.2023.bluray.hdr.2160p.av1.7.1.opus.vmaf98-Rosy
Encoded date : 2024-11-12 20:17:46 UTC
Writing application : mkvmerge v88.0 ('All I Know') 64-bit
Writing library : libebml v1.4.5 + libmatroska v1.7.1
Cover : Yes
Attachments : cover.jpg
Video
ID : 1
Format : AV1
Format/Info : AOMedia Video 1
Format profile : Main@L5.0
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 10.1, dav1.10.08, BL+RPU, no metadata compression, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_AV1
Duration : 1 h 48 min
Bit rate : 5 087 kb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.026
Stream size : 3.87 GiB (92%)
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primar : BT.2020
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level : 1057
MaxCLL_Original : 1057 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Le : 333
MaxFALL_Original : 333 cd/m2
Audio
ID : 2
Format : Opus
Codec ID : A_OPUS
Duration : 1 h 48 min
Bit rate : 409 kb/s
Channel(s) : 8 channels
Channel layout : L R C Ls Rs Lb Rb LFE
Sampling rate : 48.0 kHz
Frame rate : 50.000 FPS (960 SPF)
Compression mode : Lossy
Stream size : 319 MiB (7%)
Title : 7.1 opus 512 kbps
Language : English
Default : Yes
Forced : No
____________________________________________________________
Source
Video: HVC1 3840x2160 23.976fps [V: MPEG-H HEVC Video / 2109 + 49809 kbps / 2160p / 23.976 fps / 16:9 / Main 10 @ Level 5.1 @ High / 10 bits / Dolby Vision + HDR10 / BT.2020 [zxx] (hevc main 10 L5.1, yuv420p10le, 3840x2160) [default]]
Audio: TrueHD 48000Hz 8ch 9216kbps [A: Dolby TrueHD/Atmos Audio / 7.1 / 48 kHz / 3827 kbps / 24-bit [eng] (truehd atmos, 48000 Hz, 7.1, s24) [default]]
Audio: Dolby AC3 48000Hz 6ch 640kbps [A: Compatibility Track / Dolby Digital Audio / 5.1 / 48 kHz / 640 kbps [eng] (ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1(side), 640 kb/s)]
Subtitle [S: Forced [eng] (pgs) [default,forced]]
Subtitle [S: English [eng] (pgs)]
Subtitle [S: SDH [eng] (pgs)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Arabic [ara] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Bulgarian [bul] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Cantonese [chi] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Simplified [chi] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Traditional [chi] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Czech [cze] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Danish [dan] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Dutch [dut] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Estonian [est] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Finnish [fin] (subrip)]
Subtitle [S: French [fre] (pgs)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: German [ger] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Greek [gre] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Hebrew [heb] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Hungarian [hun] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Indonesian [ind] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Italian [ita] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Japanese [jpn] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Korean [kor] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Latvian [lav] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Lithuanian [lit] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Norwegian [nor] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Polish [pol] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Portuguese [por] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Brazilian [por] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Russian [rus] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Slovak [slo] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Slovenian [slv] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Castilian [spa] (subrip)]
Subtitle [S: Latin American [spa] (pgs)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Swedish [swe] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Thai [tha] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Ukrainian [ukr] (subrip)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: Vietnamese [vie] (subrip)]
Subtitle [S: Forced Subtitles (auto)]
Subtitle: UTF-8 [S: No subtitles]
General
Unique ID : 278284795575568045313092961653020942748 (0xD15BB3BBF3A8761F8D627A885D6FE19C)
Complete name : The.Equalizer.3.2023.2160p.UHD.BluRay.REMUX.DV.HDR.HEVC.Atmos-TRiToN.mkv
Format : Matroska
Format version : Version 4
File size : 43.0 GiB
Duration : 1 h 48 min
Overall bit rate mode : Variable
Overall bit rate : 56.6 Mb/s
Frame rate : 23.976 FPS
Movie name : The Equalizer 3 (2023)
Encoded date : 2023-11-09 03:43:07 UTC
Writing application : mkvmerge v80.0 ('Roundabout') 64-bit
Writing library : libebml v1.4.4 + libmatroska v1.7.1
IMDB : tt17024450
TMDB : movie/926393
Video
ID : 1
ID in the original source medi : 4113 (0x1011)
Format : HEVC
Format/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format : Dolby Vision, Version 1.0, Profile 7.6, dvhe.07.06, BL+EL+RPU, no metadata compression, Blu-ray compatible / SMPTE ST 2086, Version HDR10, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration : 1 h 48 min
Bit rate : 51.9 Mb/s
Width : 3 840 pixels
Height : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.261
Stream size : 39.5 GiB (92%)
Title : MPEG-H HEVC Video / 2109 + 49809 kbps / 2160p / 23.976 fps / 16:9 / Main 10 @ Level 5.1 @ High / 10 bits / Dolby Vision + HDR10 / BT.2020
Language : zxx
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics : PQ
Matrix coefficients : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primar : BT.2020
Mastering display luminance : min: 0.0001 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level : 1057 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Le : 333 cd/m2
Original source medium : Blu-ray
Audio #1
ID : 2
Format : MLP FBA 16-ch
Format/Info : Meridian Lossless Packing FBA with 16-channel presentation
Commercial name : Dolby TrueHD with Dolby Atmos
Codec ID : A_TRUEHD
Duration : 1 h 48 min
Bit rate mode : Variable
Bit rate : 3 827 kb/s
Maximum bit rate : 6 783 kb/s
Channel(s) : 8 channels
Channel layout : L R C LFE Ls Rs Lb Rb
Sampling rate : 48.0 kHz
Frame rate : 1 200.000 FPS (40 SPF)
Compression mode : Lossless
Stream size : 2.91 GiB (7%)
Title : Dolby TrueHD/Atmos Audio / 7.1 / 48 kHz / 3827 kbps / 24-bit
Language : English
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Number of dynamic objects : 11
Bed channel count : 1 channel
Bed channel configuration : LFE
____________________________________________________________
Ab-av1
Sample encode → sample-encode -i "c:\file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --crf 20
Source resolution → crf-search -i "c:\file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --min-vmaf 98
1080p Downscale → crf-search -i "c:\file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:1080"
720p Downscale → crf-search -i "c:\file.mkv" --pix-format yuv420p10le --svt fast-decode=1 --svt tune=0 --preset 5 --min-samples 20 --min-vmaf 96 --vfilter "scale=-1:720"
____________________________________________________________
Tools
Ab-av1
FFBitrateViewer
FFmpeg
FFmetrics
Freefilesync
Handbrake
Jackett
Mediainfo
Mkvtoolknix
Qbittorent
Scenerulez
Shutterencoder
VVV-virtualvolumeview
Xnconvert
Xnview mp
____________________________________________________________
References
1. Dolby, 2023. What are Dolby Vision profiles and levels? [Online]
2. Ozer, J., 2017. Video Encoding by the Numbers: Eliminate the Guesswork from your Streaming Video. Doceo Publishing.
3. Sayood, K., 2017. Introduction to Data Compression. 5th Edition.
4. Ozer, J., 2021. What is CBR, VBR, CRF, Capped-CRF? Rate Control Modes Explained.
5. Rassool, Reza. VMAF Reproducibility: Validating a Perceptual Practical Video Quality Metric.
6. Kah, A. e al. Fundamental relationships between subjective quality, user acceptance, and the VMAF metric for a quality-based bit rate ladder design for over-the-top video streaming services.
7. Boldrin, M. 2008. Against Intellectual Monopoly.