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The Cooperative Neuron is part of a revolution that is occurring in the sciences of brain and mind. It explores the new field of cellular psychology, a field built upon the recent discovery that many neurons in the brain cooperate to seek agreement in deciding what's relevant in the current context. This cooperative context-sensitivity provides the cellular foundations for knowledge, doubt, imagination, self-development, and the search for purpose in life. This emerging field has far-reaching and fundamental implications for psychology, neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and the philosophy of mind.
In a clear and accessible style, the book explains the neuroscience to psychologists, the psychology to neuroscientists, and both to philosophers, students of the behavioral and brain sciences, and to anyone intrigued by the enduring mystery of how brains can be minds.
Introduction to The Cooperative Neuron
Life, Brain, and Mind: Marvels of Cooperation between Diverse Individuals
Enduring Philosophical and Psychological Issues Can Now be Explicitly Related to the Cellular Foundations of Mind
Information-processing Operations Can be Distinguished from Information Content, and Both Can be Studied by Psychological and Neurobiological Methods
Amplification of Pyramidal Cell Output if Relevant in the Current Context
Clarification of Some Contentious and Ambiguous Terms
Cellular Psychology Is Analogous to Molecular Biology
Mental Life Is Not Behaviour
Notes
Cerebral Neocortex: Hierarchies of Abstraction in Physical Matter that Knows and Doubts, Thinks and Feels, Intends and Hopes
Function Depends on Structure
The Neocortex: A Vast Number of Neurons
The Neocortical Sheet: Six Layers, not Three
The Regions of the Neocortex
Organization of Neocortical Regions into Hierarchies of Abstraction
Neurobiological and Psychological Evidence for Common Neocortical Information Processing Operations
Notes
Neocortical Pyramidal Cells that Cooperate by Sensitivity to Context
Common but Misleading Assumptions about the Cellular Bases of Mind
Pyramidal Cells as Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Point Neurons
Context-sensitive Two-point Neurons
On the Diversity of Pyramidal Cells
Inhibition and Disinhibition of Apical Function
Research on Cooperative Context-sensitivity Is in Its Infancy
Summary and Rapid Growth of This Research Field
Notes
Cooperative Neurons in Various States of Mind and Brain
States of Wakefulness and States of Sleep
Modulatory Neurotransmitters Regulate Transitions between Mental States
Neuromodulators Regulate Mental State by Modifying Apical Function
Three Modes of Apical Function: Amplification, Drive, and Isolation
General Anaesthetics Interfere with Apical Function
Mental State and Conceptions of Consciousness
Summary
Notes
What Cooperative Neurons Do for Mental Life
The Coordination of Mental Processes Depends on Cooperative Context-sensitivity
Context Guides Perception via Apical Dendrites
Conscious Experience
Selective Attention
Working Memory and Imagery
Prioritization of Emotionally Charged Events
Cognitive Control
Learning and Long-term Memory
Summary
Notes
Evolution and Development of Cooperative Neurons
Evolution of Cooperative Neurons
Evolution of Cognitive Capabilities That Depend on Cooperative Context-sensitivity
Development of Apical Structure and Physiology
Cooperative Context-sensitivity: A Key Role in Cognitive Development
Language and Thought
Notes
Pathologies of Cooperative Neuronal Processing
Epileptic Loss or Impairment of Consciousness
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Anti-NMDA Autoimmune Encephalitis
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Notes
An Information-theoretic View of Context-sensitive Computation
Distinguishing Abstract Theories from Detailed Models
Information Theory: A Formal Perspective on Context-sensitive Computation
Coherent Infomax: A Theory of Local Processors with Receptive and Contextual Fields
Decomposition of Transmitted Information
Transmitted Information Decomposition Quantifies Context-sensitive Computation
Transmitted Information Decomposition Quantifies Objectives of Context-sensitive Learning
The Neurobiology of Cooperative Context-sensitive Computation Inspires Effective and Efficient Machine Learning Algorithms
Notes
Difficulties and Unresolved Issues
Cellular Psychology Is in Its Infancy So Many Issues Are Unresolved
How Cooperative Context-sensitive Computation Relates to Free Energy Reduction and Predictive Coding
How Cooperative Neurons Are Embedded in Cortical Microcircuits
How Cooperative Neurons Are Regulated by the Neuromodulators
How Cooperative Neurons Relate to the Speed of Thought
How Cooperative Neurons Relate to Hobson’s and Freud’s Views on Dreams
Are There Distinctively Human Forms of Cooperative Context-sensitive Computation?
Are There Regional and Developmental Variations in Cooperative Context-sensitivity?
Technological Potential of Cooperative Context-sensitive Computation
Notes
Mind’s Place in Nature
Knowledge and Doubt
Self-identity
Life’s Purposes
Notes
List of Abbreviations
Bibliography