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This book outlines the promise of the field of the Cognitive Internet of Things when it is applied to cognitive buildings. After an introduction, the authors discuss the goals of cognitive buildings such as operation in a more efficient, flexible, interactive, intuitive, and sustainable way. They go on to outline the benefits that these technologies promise to building owners, occupants, and their environments that range from reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint to promoting health, well-being, and productivity. The authors outline technologies that provide buildings and equipment with the ability to collect, aggregate, and analyze data and how this information can be collected by sensors and related to internal conditions and settings, energy consumption, user requests, and preferences to maintain comfort and save energy. This book is of interest to practitioners, researchers, students, and professors in IoT and smart cities.
The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and Artificial Intelligence techniques has introduced a new paradigm shift from smart buildings to cognitive buildings (CBs). CBs are able to exploit decentralized architectures where analytical processing and cognitive behaviors can be operated both at the edge and in the cloud so as to exploit the advantages of both of them. Besides the well-known benefits provided by the cloud, edge computing enables real-time intelligence at the edge of the network and greater agility of control while, at the same time, avoiding heavy communication traffic. By embedding intelligence on edge devices, the cognitive buildings can be more responsive to user preferences and needs.
CBs are environments augmented with sensors and actuators that exploit the IoT paradigm and cognitive abilities altogether. They are able to learn, reason, adapt, and cooperate with each other to undertake context-dependent actions. A cornerstone characteristic of cognitive buildings is represented by the ability to collect and analyze sensor data and information coming from user habits to manage building resources and spaces efficiently.
The Chapter “Cloud, Fog and Edge Computing for IoT-Enabled Cognitive Buildings” starts with the idea that, in order to implement CBs and harness their potential, it is essential to exploit technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, fog computing, and edge computing. So, in this chapter, these key concepts are discussed. In addition, a modular design framework for CBs is also proposed in the manuscript, and in accordance with the proposed framework, some sample scenarios are finally presented.
The Chapter “Audio Analysis for Enhancing Security in Cognitive Environments Through AI on the Edge,” by Marco Antonio Mauro, aims to show a security system for CBs based on microphones. In particular, the chapter analyzes the information content of raw recording data obtained from microphones and their processability into audio events, with detailed, actionable human-readable information. The chapter also proposes a completely edge-based processing approach with special safeguards for data filtering and information control. All of this is to obviate any privacy concerns that might arise. Finally, the chapter introduces a complete implementation of the proposed system applied in two case studies, namely, a residential apartment and a free access room