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The book is written as a textbook and exercise book. This means that you will be introduced to new areas through explanation or examples. To consolidate your knowledge and to check your learning and success, we recommend that you do the exercises. Sample solutions are available for most exercises: Each exercise has a unique name under which the solution can be found on the authors’ website.
An integral part of this book is the PLC simulation software “PLC-lite”, which was developed by the authors especially for this course. You can download it free of charge from the authors’ website. This gives you the opportunity to intensively test a control system that conforms to the standards, regardless of limitations with real systems. The scope of commands, data types, structures, etc. has been selected in such a way that the special features of programming in instruction lists according to IEC 61131-3 can be easily understood using the exercises from this book. In addition, “PLC-lite” contains a large number of processes as animated simulations. This allows you to test your programs in a practical and safe manner and to study the behavior of the controlled processes (even under extreme conditions or “errors”). Your PC is thus both a programming device and PLC automation device as well as a “technical system”.
At the beginning we will deal in detail with basics and digital technology in the first four chapters. This part serves primarily as preparation for PLC programming, which is covered in the second part. You will learn important basics for PLC technology here. In addition, digital technology is already PLC programming! In principle, nothing else is done in the “function block diagram” language than connecting the logical symbols to form the program. This looks very similar to creating a digital circuit.
In the second part of the book we cover PLC technology. You will now quickly see the advantage of PLC programming: Changes don’t require cumbersome cable pulling, as was necessary with digital circuitry. You simply write the new instruction and that’s it.
In this book, programming is learned with the most universal language, the instruction list (IL). Compared to the often more popular graphical languages, it has the advantage of an exact, easily comprehensible and clear structure. With the second edition, IEC 61131–3 is even more consistently oriented towards general programming languages.
The 5th, corrected edition experiences an expansion of the exercises with a didactically prepared project for the control of a mountain railway. The associated simulation software "PLC-lite" enables the realisation of controls for the mountain railway and the "realistic" representation of the cableway movements on the screen.
Digital Technology
Basics: Number Systems, Dual Numbers and Codes
Logical Functions and Boolean Algebra
Memory Elements
Dynamic Memory Elements and Counters
PLC Technology
Combinatorial Circuits with PLC
Logical Memory Circuits
Timers with PLC
Counter with PLC
Function Blocks
Jumps, Loops and Repetitions
Functions
Sequence Controls
Repeat Tasks
Example: Control of a Mountain Railway
Structure and Programming of a PLC
Standard Compliance of PLC-Lite