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This book gives an overview of existing models that cover the whole lifecycle of an IoT application, ranging from its design, implementation, deployment, operation, and monitoring to its final termination and retirement. Models provide abstraction and can help IoT application developers into creating more robust, secure, and reliable applications. Furthermore, adaptation of applications can be eased by using these models, leading to an increased dynamic of the developed IoT applications.
Today, the Internet of Things (IoT) is spread throughout many different domains and changes the way we develop software. The uprising of the IoT can be explained by the decrease in hardware costs and the increase in computing power while the physical size of devices decreases over time. Furthermore, new communication technologies and protocols, such as 5G or LoRa, ease the development of highly distributed IoT applications.
In contrast to traditional software systems, IoT applications introduce new challenges regarding their development through highly distributed environments, high heterogeneity, and modular architectures. Furthermore, in the IoT, the focus shifts from only considering software to a focus on the hardware as well. IoT hardware is very heterogeneous and there are many different devices, sensors, and actuators available with very different characteristics and capabilities. In order to develop an IoT application, selecting the right hardware that fits best to the application’s requirements suddenly becomes a crucial step.
Overall, we can assume that developing IoT application comes with a high complexity and is much more error-prone than developing traditional software systems. In software development and in computer science in general, models can help in decreasing complexity by providing abstraction and enabling better communication between the different stakeholders involved in development of the application. By first modeling the application’s infrastructure, communication, and behavior during execution, potential problems can be detected early and, thus, potentially more robust applications can be developed.
In this book, we introduce how models can be used to describe each step of an IoT application’s life cycle, from the hardware selection to the software development, deployment, operation, monitoring, and retirement. We will mostly present our own work regarding these model-based approaches and do not give a general overview of all existing models.
Foundations
Scenarios and Challenges
Life Cycle of an IoT Application
Model Based Approaches to the Internet of Things
Discussion
Conclusion and Summary