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This open access book covers recent advances in experiments using the ultra-cold, very weakly perturbing superfluid environment provided by helium nanodroplets for high resolution spectroscopic, structural and dynamic studies of molecules and synthetic clusters. The recent infra-red, UV-Vis studies of radicals, molecules, clusters, ions and biomolecules, as well as laser dynamical and laser orientational studies, are reviewed. The Coulomb explosion studies of the uniquely quantum structures of small helium clusters, X-ray imaging of large droplets and electron diffraction of embedded molecules are also described. Particular emphasis is given to the synthesis and detection of new species by mass spectrometry and deposition electron microscopy.
Helium Nanodroplets: Formation, Physical Properties and Superfluidity
Small Helium Clusters Studied by Coulomb Explosion Imaging
Helium Droplet Mass Spectrometry
Infrared Spectroscopy of Molecular Radicals and Carbenes in Helium Droplets
Electronic Spectroscopy in Superfluid Helium Droplets
Spectroscopy of Small and Large Biomolecular Ions in Helium-Nanodroplets
X-Ray and XUV Imaging of Helium Nanodroplets
Electron Diffraction of Molecules and Clusters in Superfluid Helium Droplets
Laser-Induced Alignment of Molecules in Helium Nanodroplets
Ultrafast Dynamics in Helium Droplets
Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles in Helium Droplets
Appendix. Helium Cluster and Droplet Spectroscopy Reviews